Santorini's history is inextricably linked to its volcano. Around 1600 BC, one of the largest volcanic eruptions in human history shattered the center of the island, creating the caldera and burying the thriving Minoan settlement of Akrotiri under ash.
This settlement, with its two-story houses, frescoes, and advanced drainage system, reveals a remarkable civilization. Many link the disaster to the legend of lost Atlantis.
In antiquity, Dorian settlers founded Ancient Thera atop Mesa Vouno. The Roman and Byzantine periods followed, and after the Fourth Crusade the island became part of the Duchy of the Aegean. The name "Santorini" comes from Saint Irene (Santa Irini), as the Venetians named it.
Volcanic eruptions continued intermittently, forming the islets of Palea and Nea Kameni. In more recent times, after the devastating earthquake of 1956, the island was reborn and developed into one of the most famous tourist destinations in the world.