According to mythology, the bare rocks of Mykonos are the petrified bodies of the Giants slain here by Heracles, while the island took its name from the mythical Myconos, a descendant of Apollo. Its position, next to sacred Delos, the most important religious center of the ancient world, shaped the island's fate from the earliest times.
Inhabited since prehistoric times, Mykonos passed through Carians and Phoenicians before the Ionians settled. In antiquity it lived in the shadow of neighboring Delos, supplying and serving the great sanctuary. The Roman and Byzantine periods followed, leaving the island exposed to pirate raids.
In medieval times, after the Fourth Crusade (1204), Mykonos passed to the Venetians and was incorporated into the Duchy of the Archipelago, ruled for a long time by the Ghisi family. The inhabitants, sailors and partly pirates, fortified Chora. In the 16th century the island passed to the Ottoman Empire, retaining nonetheless significant autonomy and a thriving shipping trade.
During the Revolution of 1821, Mykonos offered its ships and sailors to the Struggle, with the Mykonian heroine Manto Mavrogenous standing out for her bravery and sacrifices. After the great excavations at Delos (late 19th c.) and especially from the 1950s onward, Mykonos was transformed from a poor seafaring island into a world tourist destination — a symbol of the international jet-set.