Tinos has been inhabited since antiquity, and in ancient times it was renowned throughout Greece for the sanctuary of Poseidon and Amphitrite at Kionia, a place of healing and pilgrimage. The island, also known as "Ophioussa" and "Ydroessa" for its abundant waters and snakes, flourished in the Hellenistic period.
In Byzantine times the population fortified itself on the inaccessible Exomvourgo. In 1207, after the Fourth Crusade, Tinos passed to the Venetians, specifically to the Ghisi family, who built the castle of Santa Elena at the top of the hill.
Under Venetian rule (1207–1715), Tinos was the last Venetian stronghold in the Aegean — it surrendered to the Ottomans only in 1715, much later than the other islands. This is why it retains to this day a strong Catholic community, Catholic monasteries and the characteristic dovecotes introduced by the Venetians.
In 1823, a few years after the start of the Revolution, the discovery of the miraculous icon of the Panagia — following the vision of Saint Pelagia — turned the island into a national pilgrimage site and a symbol of the newly founded Greek state. At the same time, the marble-sculpting tradition of Pyrgos produced leading artists such as Yannoulis Chalepas and Dimitrios Filippotis. Today Tinos is being reborn as a gastronomic and cultural destination, without losing its authentic character.