Donousa has been inhabited for thousands of years. Finds from the Early Cycladic period (3rd millennium BC) attest to human presence as early as the dawn of Cycladic civilization, when the small islands of the Aegean served as waypoints along the sea routes between Naxos, Amorgos and the rest of the Cyclades.
The island's most important archaeological monument is the fortified Geometric settlement at Vathy Limenari (9th–8th century BC), near Mersini — a well-preserved testimony to life in early historical times. According to local tradition, the island's name is linked to Dionysus, who, as the myth goes, hid Ariadne here to protect her from Theseus.
In medieval and later times, Donousa followed the fate of the Small Cyclades: sparsely populated and exposed to pirate raids, it often served as a refuge for shepherds and fishermen from neighboring Amorgos and Naxos. Permanent residents settled steadily mainly in more recent centuries, living from fishing, animal husbandry and small-scale farming.
For decades the island remained cut off, with difficult access and minimal infrastructure — a fact that preserved its authentic character untouched. Today, with a few dozen permanent residents and a warm community, Donousa lives off fishing and a gentle, alternative tourism that seeks exactly what the island offers: tranquility, nature and genuine hospitality.