In mythology, Serifos is closely tied to the myth of Perseus. Here, inside a wooden chest, Danae and her newborn son washed ashore, and were rescued by the fisherman Diktys. When King Polydektes tried to take Danae by force, Perseus brought the head of Medusa and turned him to stone along with his court — which is why, the myth says, Serifos is so rocky and stony.
In antiquity Serifos was a small but autonomous city-state, with its own currency and walls. It took part in the naval Battle of Salamis against the Persians and belonged to the Athenian Alliance. The island was already known for its ores — iron and copper — mined since ancient times.
In Byzantine and medieval times, Serifos, like all the Cyclades, passed to the Duchy of the Aegean after the Fourth Crusade (1207) and was ruled by Italian feudal lords. It was then that the Castle was built at the summit of Chora, for protection against pirates. Later the island passed to the Ottoman Empire and was incorporated into the Greek state after the Revolution of 1821.
Modern Serifos's history was shaped by iron mining. From the late 19th century, large mining companies operated mines at Mega Livadi and Koutalas, employing hundreds of workers under harsh conditions. In August 1916 the historic miners' strike broke out, which was suppressed with bloodshed — one of the first organized labor struggles in Greece and a milestone for the labor movement. The mines closed in the mid-20th century, leaving behind the unique industrial landscape we see today.